P1: Explain concepts associated with nutritional health

What do you know About maintaining a healthy diet? Maintaining a balanced diet and exercising everyday is important for you to stay healthy.

Concepts:
A diet is all the different types of food and drink that a person consumes.

Food is any substance containing nutrients that can be taken into our body system. It's metabolised into energy to ensure the process of repair and growth. Tea without milk does not have any nutritional value. Pepper does not have any nutritional value but is a flavouring agent.

Meals and snacks:
A meal is an important amount of food containing what the body needs to function such as carbohydrates and protein, including breakfast, lunch and dinner. A snack is something that can keep you going in between meals.

Our food us composed of nutrients - which is the chemical substance essential to our health. Nutrients have a role in:
- providing energy
- repair and ensures normal body functions
- supports growth.

Nutrients are chemical substances in our food. The main nutrients are:
- carbohydrates
- minerals
- vitamins
- proteins

Nutritional health:

Malnutrition:
This is a condition that results from eating a diet in which nutrients are either not enough or are too much, that the diet causes health problems. Malnutrition can cause unintentional weight loss or for you to be overweight or obese.

Under-nutrition:
This is a deficiency of calories or of one or more essential nutrients. Under nutritional is caused primarily by an inadequate intake of dietary energy, regardless of whether any specific nutrients is a limiting factor - weak muscle, tiredness, mood swings, increase in illness or infection. 

Nutritional Measures:

Energy balance:
The body needs energy in order to function. Even when you're asleep or resting, the body uses energy to ensure healthy body function. This is known as basal metabolic rate. It depends on your gender, height and weight.

If we consumes more calories rather than using up the energy, it called turn into fats. For example, when we eat and not walk it off it stores fats. If we use up more up energy than our calorie intake, we will become under weight, for example, if we over excercise. To balance our energy, we need to intake the right amount of calories and burn the right amount of energy. This maintains a healthy body weight.

Body Mass Index (BMI):
A guideline which helps you identify if you are a healthy weight for your height and gender. A health BMI, for adults is between 18.5 and 24.9. 

Underweight - less than 18.5
Overweight - 25 - 29.9
Obese class 1 - 30 - 34.9
Obese class 2 - 35 - 39.9
Morbidily - greater than 40

Actual food intakes:

Dietary intake guidelines:
Food groups:
The balance of good health has categorized food into five different food groups. 

1. Fruits and vegetables - e.g apples and broccoli
2. Starchy foods - e.g. bread
3. Milk and dairy food - e.g. cheese
4. Fats and sugar - e.g. cakes and crisp 
5. Meats, fish and alternatives - e.g. shorn and tofu.

Five a day:
Your five a day is when you should 

P6: Know service provision in the health social care sector

Croydon University Hospital

The offer medical health and social treatment care is offered at three leavels including primary, secondary and tertiary.

P5: Reflection on personal and professional development.

What is reflection?

- reflection is when you do a self evaluation on yourself and consider the strengths and weaknesses of your performance in any situation.

1) What made you want to study health and social care?
- The reason I wanted to study health and social care was because I want to study to be a nurse, so this was the starting point. I knew that health and social care would help me to progress to in doing that. The units that I would be studying in health and social care would relate to what I would want to study in university.

2) What was your favourite unit and why?
- My favourite unit was unit 4: development through the life stages. I liked this unit because it gave me an insight in what I want to do. Wanting to be an adult nurse, learning about the development that happens in adulthood had helped me to get some knowledge on what would potentially be dealing with as an adult nurse.

3) What have you most disliked? What have you found hard or what subject did you not like?
- The thing that I most disliked was the learning style of the teacher I had. I found that their preferred learning style was different to mine. My learning style is kineasthetic meaning I like to move around and be interactive whereas my teachers learning style was auditory, so we were juts listening to her speak and listening to video clips.

4) What activity did you enjoy most?

5) What skills did you develop most?

6) What would you change?

7) Are you proud of your overall results in health and social care? What is your action plan to do better?

8) What did you like most about work experience?

9) What skills and knowledge did you use from health and social at work placement?

10) What did you most dislike about the work placement?

11) Reflecting back, what would you have changed about the experience or improve on?

Personal statement

In my personal statement I am going to be talking about why I have chosen to go ahead with a career in adult nursing and how I think that I would be able to contribute with the skills that I have.

My career aspiration is to be a registered nurse. Nursing has been in my family for generations and it has always been a chosen career aspiration for me. When studying to be a nurse, I would prefer to go into the field of adult nursing. Being a nurse doesn't just mean fixing what's wrong with a person, it's also about caring for the patient and their families in a difficult time, reassuring them that they'll get the best treatment they need and appreciating all walks of life.

Being an adult nurse has interested me stemming from past family experiences. After seeing what they do and how much they care for each individual patient makes me want to strive to be like them.

Working in a nursing home has opened my eyes to all the hard work and dedication that the staff goes through to maintain the service user’s needs. Nurse’s strength, dedication and positivity are all qualities I feel that I have developed while doing my health and social care course and doing work experience at the nursing home. My desire to study an adult nursing course came after my first work experience at the nursing home as it taught me a lot and gave me the knowledge I may need when being a nurse. Shadowing the health care assistants as they would give me advice on how to deal with certain situations was a good process for me as I learnt how to .

I am inspired by such shows as 24 hours in A&E, because it shows how alert the nurses have to be on demand. It's shows how much could possibly happen in the space of a day and how anything can happen to anyone at a given time. From young people to elderly, there's always a nurse prepared to give them treatment. This program makes me appreciate how much they actually do that we don't see and what's behind closed doors.

I think I was most inspired when I went into hospital for a broken arm. I got to see first-hand how the doctors and nurses respond to a task.

I'd like to think if myself as a very social, confident and outgoing person. Having these qualities is important as in a nursing job; you would have to make sure that you keep a professional work ethic when it comes to dealing with patients and family members. Being confident in your job shows to other people that you know what you’re and proves that you have faith in yourself when doing your job. In my spare time I like to be with friends. It is important to socialize with friends now because it is a way to maintain a relationship with people and help you to be more social when it comes to meeting new people. I also like to relax when I get time off from college work and my job. I feel it is important to have time to relax as it can help you to unwind from the day. As a nurse, it will be important to take time to relax as it will be a stressful job with many challenges through the day.

P1 Stephen

P1: Outline the functions of the main cell components.

What is a cell?

-       A cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, which is typically microscopic and consist of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane. Cells can be divided into two main categories – prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prokaryotes lack a nucleus. Bacteria have a good example and most studied. Eukaryotes possess a nucleus. These include: fungus, plants, animal cells, and some unicellular organisms. It contains organelles where life sustaining activities take place. Organelles are made up of endoplasmic reticulum – nucleus, vacuoles, mitochondria and Golgi apparatus.

The human cell has many different functions: the cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria endoplasmic reticulum – smooth and rough, Golgi apparatus and the lysosomes.

The function of the cell membrane is to surround the cytoplasm of any living cell from the outside environment. The cell membrane also has the role of providing shape to a cell and to support the cell. Its function is to protect the inside of the cell by only allowing certain substances into the cell, while keeping unwanted substances away. It is also a base for the cytoskeleton in some organisms.

The function of the nucleus is to control the flow of all substances inside and outside of the cell. It is responsible for protein synthesis, cell division, growth and the differentiation of each person. The nucleus controls the characteristics of a person. DNA is included in the nucleus. It is genetic instructions that you’ll need to make protein.

http://biology.tutorvista.com/animal-and-plant-cells/nucleus.html

The function of the cytoplasm is to give the cell its shape. It helps to structure the cell and keep all the organelles in place. Without the cytoplasm, the cell would be deflated and materials inside the cell wouldn’t be able to pass from one organelle to the other. The cytoplasm is made up of 80% of water and is mostly clear. The cytoplasm is the place where the cell expands and growth of the cell takes place, also it is a way of transportation of genetic material.

http://biology.tutorvista.com/animal-and-plant-cells/cytoplasm.html

The function of the mitochondria is to perform cellular respiration. It takes in nutrients, breaks them down and turns them into energy for the cell to work. The mitochondria also help in building certain parts of blood and hormones like testosterone and oestrogen. The mitochondria can grow into a larger one or combine with other mitochondria to help produce more energy; it all depends on the need of the cell.

The function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is to regulate and release calcium ions and process toxins. It synthesizes lipids, phospholipids, and steroids. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is mostly for making and distributing the molecules that a particular type of cell needs.

http://study.com/academy/lesson/smooth-er-definition-functions-structure.html

The function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is to regulate protein within the cell and act as a temporary storage area.

The function of the Golgi apparatus is to package protein for the delivery of other organelles. The Golgi apparatus is also responsible for producing lysosomes

The function of the lysosomes is to digest all major chemical components of living cells. The travel all around the cell and release their contents which destroys old or damage organelles. Another function they have is to destroy bacteria and other foreign bodies, such as carbon. After destroying the unwanted bodies with enzymes, the lysosomes release the damage materials.

Honey and mumford

According to Honey and Mumford VAKS learning style, my preferred learning style is a kinaesthetic learner. This means that I am a practical person. Being a practical persons means that I like to participate in activities and like to move around.

When doing my work experience in a care home, I had to participate in activities with the elderly residents. Before doing the activities with them, I first asked a member of staff to show me how to carry out the activity hen I demonstrated it to the elderly residents before letting them engage in the activity.

While studying Maslow's hierarchy of needs, he states that the three bottom layers need to be met before you can move on to meeting the top two layers. Studies show that if your physiological, safety and social needs are not met then you wouldn't have a high self-esteem within yourself, which means you can not achieve self-fulfilment.

During my work experience at asda bakery, my psychological needs were met. I was provided breaks with free food and drink to satisfy my needs. I was warm whike working there, due to there being heaters and also due to to the cooking equipment. However, I didn't feel particularly safe there due to the floor always being dirty and slippery. There was, on a few occasions where I did slipped. I feel as if my social needs have been met while on my work placement as I have made good friends with everyone and get along with everyone that I worked with. Due to these needs being met, I feel as if I have a lot of confidence within myself and that I can achieve everything that I put my mind to and 

The unit that has helped influence my learning is unit 4, which is development through the life stages. The reason it is my favourte is because I would like to study midwifery, so unit 4 has showed me the before and after stages of birth. It has showed me how different people will develop at their individual stage. 

My aspiration is to be a midwife. Being a midwife requires me to have patience when dealing with mothers that are having a difficult time. Also dealing with people in difficult situations such as rape. I will have to be approachable to talk to all the family members. This has motivated me to learn because I would have to approach every situation as a new situation, also this will motivate me to be more happy about what life brings and see a better outlook on life.

Family has motivated me to do better in life. Having a family that have all gone on to study at university, it has pushed me to do as well as them. This has motivated me to stay on a college and move onto university. However, if for example, a child saw that their family didn't really have much of an education, it could also push them to do better and make something of themselves. By having this motivation, when doing my work experience, it caused me to do more in the field of work and push myself even more to do what I was suppose to. 

Funding for study has also influenced me in my learning as I would like to go into my nursing course which is funded by the government. By doing a course that has been funded for me motivates me even more because I wont have to worry about getting the money to pay for the course. Money could be a problem for somebody in difficult situation, so knowing that you wouldn't have to pay could make their lives easier in the sense that they won't be worrying about trying to find a way to pay. This could also be very rewarding for the individual as well. 

P1 stephen

What is a cell?

-       A cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, which is typically microscopic and consist of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane. Cells can be divided into two main categories – prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prokaryotes lack a nucleus. Bacteria have a good example and most studied. Eukaryotes possess a nucleus. These include: fungus, plants, animal cells, and some unicellular organisms. It contains organelles where life sustaining activities take place. Organelles are made up of endoplasmic reticulum – nucleus, vacuoles, mitochondria and Golgi apparatus.

The human cell has many different functions: the cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria endoplasmic reticulum – smooth and rough, Golgi apparatus and the lysosomes.

The function of the cell membrane is to surround the cytoplasm of any living cell from the outside environment. The cell membrane also has the role of providing shape to a cell and to support the cell. Its function is to protect the inside of the cell by only allowing certain substances into the cell, while keeping unwanted substances away. It is also a base for the cytoskeleton in some organisms.

The function of the nucleus is that it controls all the services in the cell. the nucleus contains DNA which is our genetic structure that we need to make protein.

The function of the cytoplasm is to carry all of the cells structure

The function of the mitochondria is to provide energy to the body.

The function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is

The function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is

The function of the Golgi apparatus is

The function of the lysosomes is

P7

P7: Roles of 3 different health and social care jobs

Midwife:
Midwives are specialist in normal pregnancy and birth. Their job is to look after a pregnant woman and her baby throughout a phase of antenatal care before, during and after labour and birth up to 28 days after the birth. The qualifications you need to get into university to study to be a midwife varies on the university because each university set different standards. However, the general guidelines you need to abide by are getting five A-C grades at GCSE subjects including English and maths or at least equivalent grades in BTEC health and social care, also biology may be required.

Nurse:
A nurses job is to provide and coordinate patient care, educate all patients and the public about various health conditions and provide advice and emotional support to patients and their families. Registered nurses typically do the following: record patients medical history and symptoms. Currently there are no national minimum academic entry requirements into nursing courses so each higher education institution sets their own criteria. Usually you'll need at least five GCSE's at grade C or above including English and science and two A levels or BTEC equivalent.

Social worker:
To be a social worker, you'll need to be able to support people through difficult times and ensure that vulnerable people including children are safeguarded from harm. Their role is to provide support to enable service users to help themselves. They have to maintain professional relationshipds with the service users, acting as guide advocates. They sometimes need to use their professional judgment to make tough decisions that might not always be well received by all service users. To go on and study to be a social worker in university, the grades you would typically need are to following: five GCSE's A-C including English and maths, you'll need two A levels or a national diploma or NVQ in health and social care

P1

Kolb helps us identify how adults learn. He states that we follow a learning style to us make sense information. The four stages are:

• concrete experience: this is when we carry out an activity
• reflective observations: this is reflecting how we think the activity went.
• abstract conceptualisation: this is when you begin to start making sense of the experience.
• activity experimentation: this is when you begin to plan the activity again by using the feedback and reflection.

honey and Mumford, devised a learning style theory. They state that there are four different learners:

1. Activist theory -  this is when the person is involved in the situation, they like their ideas to be spoken, they don't like to listen to others, they like to take the lead and they don't like to listen to other people or lectures.
2. Reflectors - these learners like to make observations, they stand on the edge and watch other people, they don't like talking in front of others or putting their views out there.
3. Theorists - these learners think logically and prefer things to be in order, they prefer to apply their skills and knowledge to situations. however, they don't like to work with others emotions.
4. Pragmatist - they like to experiment and try things out, they are more practical and prefer to learn from role models.

honey and Mumford also conducted a VAKs learning style questionnaire to determine whether learners are visual, auditory, or kineasthetic learners

Our learning can also be influenced by many different factors. These factors include things such as health, study space and access to resources. These factors can start influencing our learning from childhood throughout life.

Study space can influence our learning because it’s the atmosphere that we are in that affects you the most. This could affect someone’s learning because if the area was cluttered it could distract them from learning. They might be unable to do their work because they might have lost something in the area that is in the cluttered space. The study space may also be filled with people, which could be distracting to the person. For example, if they shared a room with someone at home, it could be very distracting when they are trying to do their work.

Health can influence our learning because it is our mental and physical ability to carry out task therefore our health can also affect the learning process. However, if we have an illness then we may not be able to learn. Furthermore, some people will have learning disabilities such as dyslexia which makes it harder to read and write, therefore will be slower at learning than others.

Lifestyle can influence our learning because it is our way to socialise with people. If someone had a very active lifestyle, it could get in the way of doing work. For example, if someone was the type to go out all the time, this could distract them from learning the next day and doing work after. However, if you have a very healthy lifestyle, it could increase your chances of doing well with your learning. For example, if you were to exercise, this will keep your brain active and ready for the tasks ahead.

Access to resources can influence our earning because its the things we need to learn. For example in our everyday learning lives we need different types of recources to do our studies such as textbooks. If someone doesn't have access to their certain textbooks that they need for that subject, it could restrict them from learning to their best ability. Money might be involved when it comes to access to resources because someone might not have enough to buy all of their resources, however there are alternative ways to getting access, such as the library.

Functional skills can also influence our learning process. Literacy skills are an important skills that helps our learning. We need literacy skills in order to be able to read and write which is very important for anyone. We need numeracy skills as well so that we can count. It's the maths skills we learn as a child. We need these skills so that we know how to manage money in life, for example, going shopping requires numeracy skills so that you know how much something cost and so that you can budget your savings. ICT skills influence our learning as well because it's the knowledge if using computers and their technology. We need ICT skills to help you do research for work assignments and carrying out research for something.

P2 Farzana

P2: Assess own knowledge, skills, practice beliefs and career aspirations at start of programme.

Knowledge:

Subject studied at school: health and social care

Strength -  

Health and social care is helping me progress to do my career choice. Unit 4 helped me know about development. It was easy for me as i done a similar unit during level two. Unit 4 will help me to progress to be a midwife or nurse because i will have to work with different people at different stages.

Weakness: 

My weakness would be unit 1 - communication, this is because I’m not really that good at communicating within big groups, and however, I am good at one-to-one communication, meaning I would be able to work well with the mother or patient and learn to work with bug families in any situation.

Opportunities: 

Learning unit 4 has allowed me to know about what happens before and after conception. Learning this unit will help me implement it into my studies at university and after university when i am in my job.

Threats: 

I think that unit 5 could be a threat to me as i don't have enough knowledge in the biology area and within my chosen potential career choices; this has a big part as i would have to know how to deal with medicine dosages and know about injections and how to deal with illnesses.

Keeping up with the news:

The Baby P case study is about him being brutally beaten up by his parents from birth. His mother did not provide him with food and he suffered over 50 injuries within the first eight months of his life. A midwives role in this case would have been to identify the signs of baby P's abuse.

Strength:

After studying the baby P case, this gave me knowledge to look out for signs and symptoms of abuse within babies. It has made me aware of not to dismiss the abuse and report it to the right person and take the right cause of action. As a midwife, I would have to know about the Every Child Matters 2004 Act because I would have to know all the rights that children are entitled to.

Work experience or voluntary job:

From doing work experience in a nursing home, this has helped me to understand the way that I have to treat service users and how to go about different situations in the work place. From doing this, it has given me the knowledge that

Skills: communicating: language (verbal, non-verbal); working with others, eg service users, professionals, peers; technical, eg IT, use of equipment, creative/craft skills; research, eg primary, secondary, data handling; personal, eg organisational skills, personal presentation

Practice:

When I was doing work experience at a nursing home, I had to show a caring manner while working with the residents. I had to be very supportive and understanding of their needs. I would sit and talk to them and let them tell me stories about their life which is caring as I wasn’t bored of hearing about them. This links to my career because I would have to deal with different people every day.

Values and beliefs:

What are values and beliefs and what are they influenced by?

-       Values and beliefs are someone’s set of rules and morals that we follow on an everyday basis. It is our norms and values. It can influence our behavior to what we think is wrong and right. Beliefs can be influenced by things such as family, society, education and religion.

As working as a nurse, my beliefs may have to be put aside in some situation. For example, if I was working in a prison, I would have to work with the inmates even if I didn’t agree with the reason they are in prison. However, I would still make sure that they are taken care of and get the right treatment that they need.

I also learned about the care value base. The care value base has 7 principles:

1.    The promotion of anti-discriminatory practice,

2.    The promotion and support of dignity, independence and safety,

3.    Respect for, and acknowledgement of, personal beliefs and  individual’s identity,

4.    The maintenance of confidentiality,

5.    Protection from abuse and harm,

6.    The promotion of effective communication and relationships,

7.    The provision of personalized individual care.

In my career I will need to follow the care value base. As a nurse I will need to especially follow the fourth step in maintaining confidentiality. This means that I will have to respect the person I am working with and not show any personal details or documents that involves with anybody else unless said by them to do so.

Career options:

My career aspiration is to be a midwife. I would like to be a midwife because I love helping people and working with children has always been something that I’ve been around my whole life. In order to study to be a midwife, I would need to have 300-320 points from:

-       A-level: science or health-related subject preferred. Grades BBB. General Studies not accepted.

-       BTEC National Diploma: Science or Health Studies. Distinction Distinction Merit.

-       Other Level 3 qualifications equivalent to 300 UCAS Points